M
Typ widmowy

M
Temperatura efektywna
2,000–3,500 K
Promień Słońca
≤ 0.7 R☉
Masa Słońca
0.08–0.45 M☉

Czerwony karzeł – gwiazda ciągu głównego późnego typu widmowego (K, M, rzadko L). Gwiazdy te mają masę, rozmiary i jasność mniejsze niż Słońce, a temperatury ich powierzchni są niższe niż 4000 K. Czerwone karły stanowią najliczniejszy typ gwiazd we Wszechświecie, jednak z powodu małej jasności żadna z tych gwiazd nie jest widoczna gołym okiem na ziemskim niebie. W Drodze Mlecznej około 80% gwiazd jest czerwonymi karłami, w galaktykach eliptycznych ich liczba w stosunku do jaśniejszych gwiazd jest nawet 20 razy większa. Z powodu wolnego tempa syntezy wodoru świecą one długo i ewoluują powoli; szacowany czas życia czerwonych karłów sięga 10 bilionów (1013) lat.

Uses material from the Wikipedia article "Czerwony karzeł", which is released under the Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0.
Ciało niebieskie OdległośćWiki
AD LeonisStar, Double or multiple star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Radio-source, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM16[x]
AntaresStar, Double or multiple star, Star in Nebula, Obszar H II, Infra-Red source, Ośrodek międzygwiazdowy, Mgławica refleksyjna, UV-emission sourceM553[x]
Barnard's StarStar, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM6[x]
BD+21 652Star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM37[x]
Beta GruisStar, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, UV-emission source, Variable StarM177[x]
BetelgeuseStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Czerwony nadolbrzym, sub-millimetric source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarM498[x]
CD-37 15492Star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM14[x]
DT VirginisStar, Double or multiple star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM36[x]
Eta SagittariiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarM146[x]
EZ AquariiStar, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM11[x]
G 139-21Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM42[x]
GacruxStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM89[x]
Gamma HydriStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable StarM215[x]
Gamma PhoenicisStar, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, Variable StarM233[x]
Gorgonea TertiaStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Semi-regular pulsating Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarM308[x]
Groombridge 34Star, Gwiazda podwójna, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM12[x]
IL AquariiStar, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM15[x]
KY CygniStar, Gwiazda węglowa, Infra-Red source, Long-period variable star, Maser, Czerwony nadolbrzym, Variable StarM5000[x]
Lacaille 8760Star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM13[x]
Lacaille 9352Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, Variable StarM11[x]
Lalande 21185Star, Double or multiple star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, X-ray sourceM9[x]
LHS 2Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM15[x]
LHS 2459Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM17[x]
LHS 281Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM56[x]
LHS 292Star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM15[x]
LHS 449Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM15[x]
LP 944-020Star, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Kwazar, Radio-sourceM16[x]
Luyten's StarStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM12[x]
MirachStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarM197[x]
Nu HydraeStar, Infra-Red source, Long-period variable star, Variable StarM143[x]
PropusStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM120[x]
R DoradusStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable StarM203[x]
RasalgethiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, Semi-regular pulsating Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM360[x]
Ross 128Star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM11[x]
Ross 154Star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM9[x]
Ross 248Star, Variable of BY Dra type, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM10[x]
Ross 614Star, Double or multiple star, Emission-line Star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM13[x]
Ross 780Star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM15[x]
Ross 905Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray sourceM33[x]
Teegarden's StarStar, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM12[x]
TZ ArietisStar, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM15[x]
UCAC2 23395816Star, Infra-Red source, Pre-main sequence Star, X-ray sourceM473[x]
UV CetiStar, Double or multiple star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM8[x]
V1581 CygniStar, Double or multiple star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM15[x]
VV CepheiStar, Double or multiple star, Eclipsing binary of Algol type (detached), Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, Variable StarM2452[x]
VY Canis MajorisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Maser, Pulsating variable Star, Czerwony nadolbrzym, sub-millimetric source, Variable Star, Star suspected of VariabilityM1833[x]
Wolf 1061Star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM14[x]
Wolf 359Star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM7[x]
Wolf 424Star, Double or multiple star, Star in Cluster, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM14[x]
Wolf 562Star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM21[x]
WX Ursae MajorisStar, Double or multiple star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM16[x]
Yed PriorStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable StarM171[x]
YZ CetiStar, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, S Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM12[x]
ZaurakStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, UV-emission source, Variable StarM203[x]
12 CepheiStar, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red sourceM458
2e 604Star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, X-ray sourceM68
2MASS J03285769+3119481Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM1364
2MASS J03290015+3121092Star, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM1187
2MASS J03290794+3122515Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object, Young Stellar ObjectM1322
2MASS J03291018+3127159Star, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Brązowy karzeł, Infra-Red source, Young Stellar ObjectM1253
2MASS J03292204+3124153Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM1265
2MASS J03293286+3127126Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object, Young Stellar ObjectM1285
2MASS J04293913+3516197Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2584
2MASS J04294419+3512301Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2572
2MASS J04294641+3519546Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2576
2MASS J04294853+3512125Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2593
2MASS J04295586+3510161Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2591
2MASS J04295853+3516172Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2609
2MASS J04300412+3516272Star, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM2595
2MASS J04300584+3517005Star, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM2597
2MASS J04300744+3517541Star, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2554
2MASS J04300782+3514091Star, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM2596
2MASS J04300819+3517234Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2553
2MASS J04300897+3514325Star, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM2575
2MASS J04300995+3515377Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2573
2MASS J04301274+3517210Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2577
2MASS J04301307+3521397Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2566
2MASS J04301631+3515238Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2551
2MASS J04301658+3515419Star, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2569
2MASS J04301948+3517238Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM2604
2MASS J04301984+3514208Star, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2598
2MASS J04301989+3514379Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2611
2MASS J04302267+3519081Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2612
2MASS J04303043+3518338Star, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM2607
2MASS J04303179+3511043Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2557
2MASS J04303668+3517173Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2613
2MASS J04303958+3511128Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar ObjectM2608
2MASS J05334918-0523023Star in Cluster, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda typu T TauriM1251
2MASS J05341387-0536353Star, Star in Cluster, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Variable Star of irregular type, Gwiazda typu T TauriM1287
2MASS J05342073-0532351Star, Star in Cluster, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Variable Star, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM1288
2MASS J05343773-0602336Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, Young Stellar ObjectM1262
2MASS J05345230-0635087Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object, Young Stellar ObjectM1256
2MASS J05345560-0529375Star, Star in Cluster, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, Variable Star, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object, Young Stellar ObjectM1321
2MASS J05345636-0533404Star, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Variable Star, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM1260
2MASS J05345939-0607229Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, Pre-main sequence Star, Young Stellar ObjectM1258
2MASS J05350201-0518341Star, Star in Cluster, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object, Young Stellar ObjectM1338
2MASS J05351047-0526003Star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, Variable Star of irregular type, Pre-main sequence Star, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM1305
2MASS J05351091-0522463Star, Star in Cluster, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Variable Star of irregular type, Pre-main sequence Star, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM1256
2MASS J05351404-0525499Star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM1290
2MASS J05351463-0516461Star, Star in Cluster, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Pre-main sequence Star, Variable Star, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectM1305