G
恒星光谱

G
有效溫度
5,000–6,000 K
太阳半径
0.96–1.15 R
太阳质量
0.8–1.04 M

黃矮星,在天文學上的正式名稱為GV恆星,是光譜型態為G,發光度為V的主序星。這一類恆星的質量大約在0.8至1.0太陽質量,表面的有效溫度在5,300至6,000K,表VII、VIII。。與其他的主序星一樣,GV恆星在核心進行將氫融合成氦的核融合反應。太陽是最著名的,也是最易見到的GV恆星(黃矮星),每秒鐘將大約6億噸的氫轉換成氦,將400萬噸的質量轉換成能量。 其他的GV恆星,還有南門二(半人馬座α)、鯨魚座τ和飛馬座51。 黃矮星其實是一個錯誤的名稱,因為光譜類型為G的恆星實際顏色是從白色到黃色的,像太陽在早期的顏色是白色,只有到晚期才會成為黃色。 參考光譜分類的顏色與光譜圖,太陽實際上是白色的,被錯誤的看成黃色是因為背景的藍天造成的(在藍色的襯托下變得偏黃),而在地平線附近的太陽呈現紅色,則是大氣層的瑞利散射造成的。 一顆GV恆星燃燒氫的生命期大約是100億年,當他耗盡了核心的氫燃料之後,這一類恆星便會膨脹許多倍,發展成一顆紅巨星,像是畢宿五(金牛座α)。 最後,這顆紅巨星會拋掉它外層的氣體,成為行星狀星雲,而這時裸露出來的核心便是一顆體積小、密度高的白矮星,在往後的歲月中只會持續的降溫與壓縮。

Uses material from the Wikipedia article "G型主序星", which is released under the Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0.
Astronomical object 距离Wiki
1 GeminorumStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG155[x]
109 PisciumStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG106[x]
13 TrianguliStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG102[x]
14 AndromedaeStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarG258[x]
15 Leonis MinorisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG60[x]
18 ScorpiiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarG46[x]
23 LibraeStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG86[x]
27 ArietisStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG289[x]
31 AquilaeStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarG50[x]
31 VulpeculaeStar, Infra-Red source, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG189[x]
35 PegasiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG148[x]
37 GeminorumStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG56[x]
39 TauriStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG55[x]
42 CapricorniStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG108[x]
47 Ursae MajorisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG46[x]
51 ArietisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG68[x]
51 PegasiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, Star suspected of VariabilityG51[x]
52 CygniStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG201[x]
54 PerseiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG218[x]
58 EridaniStar, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG43[x]
59 ArietisStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG219[x]
59 VirginisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG57[x]
6 PerseiStar, Double or multiple star, Star in double system, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, 聯星, Variable StarG212[x]
6 TrianguliStar, Double or multiple star, Ellipsoidal variable Star, Infra-Red source, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG291[x]
61 Ursae MajorisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG31[x]
61 VirginisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission sourceG28[x]
7 Comae BerenicesStar, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red sourceG249[x]
70 PegasiStar, Infra-Red source, 聯星, UV-emission sourceG175[x]
70 VirginisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG58[x]
72 HerculisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarG47[x]
79 CetiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG127[x]
82 EridaniStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG19[x]
85 PegasiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG40[x]
86 AquariiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG217[x]
9 CetiStar, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, 耀星, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG68[x]
94 AquariiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, 聯星, UV-emission sourceG69[x]
Alpha CentauriStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, 聯星, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG4[x]
AlshainStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG45[x]
AltaisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG98[x]
BD+20 1018Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG110[x]
BD-01 2075Star, Infra-Red sourceG162[x]
BD-17 4442Star, Infra-Red sourceG106[x]
Beta FornacisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, 紅巨星, UV-emission sourceG173[x]
Beta HydriStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarG25[x]
BPM 590Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG106[x]
CapellaStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG43[x]
CD-58 4207Star, Infra-Red sourceG129[x]
Chi EridaniStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG58[x]
Chi HerculisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission sourceG52[x]
Delta PavonisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG20[x]
Delta PhoenicisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG142[x]
Delta TrianguliStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, 聯星, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG35[x]
DK Ursae MajorisStar, Infra-Red source, Variable of RS CVn type, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG104[x]
DubheStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable StarG123[x]
Epsilon AndromedaeStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG164[x]
Eta AndromedaeStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, 聯星, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG229[x]
Eta DraconisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG92[x]
Eta HerculisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG109[x]
Eta NormaeStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG219[x]
g EridaniStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG210[x]
Gamma HorologiiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red sourceG182[x]
GCRV 52424Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG107[x]
Gliese 3002Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG128[x]
Gliese 4014Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG192[x]
Gliese 4052Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG122[x]
HD 13931Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG144[x]
HD 222582Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG137[x]
HIP 100970Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG122[x]
HIP 101806Star, Double or multiple starG163[x]
HIP 108375Star, High proper-motion StarG149[x]
HIP 116616Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG160[x]
HIP 118319Star, Infra-Red sourceG321[x]
HIP 12191Star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG189[x]
HIP 17960Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG152[x]
HIP 20199Star, Infra-Red sourceG148[x]
HIP 20723Star, Infra-Red sourceG138[x]
HIP 21850Star, Infra-Red sourceG173[x]
HIP 24681Star, Infra-Red sourceG152[x]
HIP 30860Star, Infra-Red sourceG160[x]
HIP 31540Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG129[x]
HIP 32916StarG144[x]
HIP 39417Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG179[x]
HIP 42282Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG328[x]
HIP 48739Star, Infra-Red sourceG146[x]
HIP 60081Star, Infra-Red sourceG167[x]
HIP 6512Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray sourceG184[x]
HIP 68162Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG147[x]
HIP 7245Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG171[x]
HIP 77517Star, High proper-motion StarG161[x]
HIP 90004Star, Infra-Red sourceG140[x]
HIP 95740Star, Infra-Red sourceG180[x]
HIP 97336Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG157[x]
HIP 98714Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG201[x]
HR 2251Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable StarG63[x]
HR 2622Star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG94[x]
HR 5297Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG182[x]
HR 5632Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG80[x]
HR 6441Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG156[x]
HR 8829Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG96[x]
i BootisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, Eclipsing binary of W UMa type (contact binary), X-ray sourceG42[x]