K
Typ widmowy

K
Temperatura efektywna
3,500–5,000 K
Promień Słońca
0.7–0.96 R
Masa Słońca
0.45–0.8 M

Pomarańczowy karzeł – gwiazda ciągu głównego należąca do typu widmowego K i klasy jasności V. Pod względem wielkości i temperatury pomarańczowe karły położone są pomiędzy czerwonymi karłami reprezentującymi typ widmowy M i klasę V oraz żółtymi karłami typu G i klasy V. Masa tego typu gwiazd wynosi zwykle od 0,5 do 0,8 masy Słońca, a temperatura ich powierzchni od 3900 do 5200 kelwinów. Gwiazdy tej klasy są interesujące dla poszukiwaczy życia pozaziemskiego ze względu na długi czas życia, 15-30 miliardów lat (dla porównania obecny wiek Słońca szacowany jest na 4,6 miliarda lat, a Wszechświata na 13,8 mld lat). Najbliższy pomarańczowy karzeł to alfa Centauri B, odległy o 4 lata świetlne od Ziemi, jego typ widmowy to K0-1 V, a masa – 0,9 masy Słońca. Drugi co do bliskości pomarańczowy karzeł to epsilon Eridani. Jest odległy o 10,67 lat świetlnych od Ziemi, ma masę 0,85 masy Słońca. Wokół obu tych gwiazd krążą planety. Gwiazdy typu K są około 10 razy bardziej pospolite niż gwiazdy podobne do Słońca (typu G). Są one stabilne na tyle, że strefa przyjazna życiu wokół nich nie zmienia rozmiarów przez wiele miliardów lat. Nieco mniejsze od naszego Słońca pomarańczowe karły, jak twierdzą naukowcy, stwarzają najlepsze warunki do tego, by istniała wokół nich strefa warunków sprzyjających powstaniu życia, tak zwana ekosfera, gdzie może istnieć woda w stanie płynnym.

Uses material from the Wikipedia article "Pomarańczowy karzeł", which is released under the Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0.
Ciało niebieskie OdległośćWiki
14 HerculisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarK58[x]
39 ArietisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceK171[x]
42 DraconisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceK315[x]
54 PisciumStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceK36[x]
6 LyncisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarK182[x]
61 CygniStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, X-ray sourceK11[x]
70 OphiuchiStar, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceK16[x]
AB PictorisStar, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, Pre-main sequence Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceK150[x]
AlbireoStar, Double or multiple star, Star in double system, Infra-Red source, Variable StarK435[x]
AldebaranStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK67[x]
AlgiebaStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red sourceK130[x]
Alpha AntliaeStar, Infra-Red source, Variable StarK366[x]
Alpha HorologiiStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceK115[x]
Alpha IndiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceK98[x]
Alpha ScutiStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK199[x]
Alpha TucanaeStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission sourceK200[x]
Alpha VolantisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source125[x]
AlphardStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK180[x]
AlsciaukatStar, Infra-Red source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable StarK382[x]
AngetenarStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceK187[x]
AnkaaStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission sourceK85[x]
ArcturusStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Czerwony olbrzym, UV-emission source, Variable StarK37[x]
Asellus AustralisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceK131[x]
AzhaStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK136[x]
BD+05 1295Star, Double or multiple star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarK114[x]
BD-01 2784Star, Infra-Red sourceK67[x]
Beta VolantisStar, Infra-Red source, Variable StarK108[x]
BoteinStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK169[x]
CebalraiStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK82[x]
D CentauriStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red sourceK572[x]
Delta AndromedaeStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable StarK105[x]
Deneb AlgediStar, Double or multiple star, Eclipsing binary of Algol type (detached), Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source39[x]
DiphdaStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceK96[x]
EnifStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Long-period variable star, Peculiar star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK690[x]
Epsilon CrucisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarK230[x]
Epsilon CygniStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceK72[x]
Epsilon EridaniStar, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceK11[x]
Epsilon IndiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceK12[x]
Epsilon ReticuliStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceK59[x]
Epsilon ScorpiiStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceK64[x]
Eta CepheiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceK46[x]
Eta SerpentisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK61[x]
EtaminStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceK154[x]
G ScorpiiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable StarK126[x]
Gliese 868Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarK44[x]
Groombridge 1618Star, Double or multiple star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceK16[x]
GrumiumStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceK112[x]
HamalStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK66[x]
HIP 2Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarK156[x]
HIP 20277Star, High proper-motion StarK143[x]
HIP 2350Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarK163[x]
HR 8210Star, Variable Star of delta Sct type, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, Biały karzeł, X-ray source151[x]
Iota CentauriStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star59[x]
Iota CepheiStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable StarK116[x]
Kappa OphiuchiStar, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK91[x]
Kaus BorealisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceK78[x]
LHS 71Star, Double or multiple star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarK21[x]
LTT 5873Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray sourceK104[x]
LTT 7669Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarK87[x]
MenkentStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceK59[x]
MesarthimStar, Double or multiple star, Variable Star of alpha2 CVn type, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star204[x]
NashiraStar, Variable Star of alpha2 CVn type, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star157[x]
NLTT 1512Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarK117[x]
NLTT 25207Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarK91[x]
Pi HydraeStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceK101[x]
Pi PuppisStar, Double or multiple star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable StarK807[x]
PolluxStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceK34[x]
PraecipuaStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK95[x]
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SceptrumStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceK110[x]
SchedarStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK229[x]
SheratanStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star58[x]
Sigma Canis MajorisStar, Double or multiple star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, Long-period variable star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK1121[x]
Sigma PuppisStar, Double or multiple star, Ellipsoidal variable Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable StarK184[x]
SPOCS 111Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarK114[x]
T TauriStar, Double or multiple star, Star in Nebula, Emission-line Star, Obiekt Herbiga-Haro, Infra-Red source, Variable Star of Orion Type, Gwiazda typu T Tauri, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceK595[x]
Tau PuppisStar, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission sourceK182[x]
Tau SagittariiStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission sourceK121[x]
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WASP-11Star, Infra-Red source, Extra-solar Planet, Variable StarK408[x]
Wolf 864Star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceK64[x]
Zeta AndromedaeStar, Double or multiple star, Ellipsoidal variable Star, Infra-Red source, Variable of RS CVn type, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceK189[x]
Zeta ScutiStar, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission sourceK206[x]
Zeta VolantisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceK141[x]
ZibalStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star110[x]
1 AurigaeStar, Infra-Red sourceK504
1 PegasiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission sourceK156
105 PisciumStar, Infra-Red sourceK392
109 HerculisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarK119
11 CepheiStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceK182
12 AquariiStar, Double or multiple starK106
12 TauriStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceK372
12 VirginisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source164
15 EridaniStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceK255
15 GeminorumStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red sourceK58
18 LibraeStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red sourceK310
2 LibraeStar, Infra-Red sourceK334
20 CepheiStar, Infra-Red source, Variable StarK303
21 EridaniStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceK110