K
Typ widmowy
3,500–5,000 K
0.7–0.96 R☉
0.45–0.8 M☉
Pomarańczowy karzeł – gwiazda ciągu głównego należąca do typu widmowego K i klasy jasności V. Pod względem wielkości i temperatury pomarańczowe karły położone są pomiędzy czerwonymi karłami reprezentującymi typ widmowy M i klasę V oraz żółtymi karłami typu G i klasy V. Masa tego typu gwiazd wynosi zwykle od 0,5 do 0,8 masy Słońca, a temperatura ich powierzchni od 3900 do 5200 kelwinów. Gwiazdy tej klasy są interesujące dla poszukiwaczy życia pozaziemskiego ze względu na długi czas życia, 15-30 miliardów lat (dla porównania obecny wiek Słońca szacowany jest na 4,6 miliarda lat, a Wszechświata na 13,8 mld lat). Najbliższy pomarańczowy karzeł to alfa Centauri B, odległy o 4 lata świetlne od Ziemi, jego typ widmowy to K0-1 V, a masa – 0,9 masy Słońca. Drugi co do bliskości pomarańczowy karzeł to epsilon Eridani. Jest odległy o 10,67 lat świetlnych od Ziemi, ma masę 0,85 masy Słońca. Wokół obu tych gwiazd krążą planety. Gwiazdy typu K są około 10 razy bardziej pospolite niż gwiazdy podobne do Słońca (typu G). Są one stabilne na tyle, że strefa przyjazna życiu wokół nich nie zmienia rozmiarów przez wiele miliardów lat. Nieco mniejsze od naszego Słońca pomarańczowe karły, jak twierdzą naukowcy, stwarzają najlepsze warunki do tego, by istniała wokół nich strefa warunków sprzyjających powstaniu życia, tak zwana ekosfera, gdzie może istnieć woda w stanie płynnym.
Uses material from the Wikipedia article "Pomarańczowy karzeł", which is released under the Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0.Ciało niebieskie | Odległość | Wiki | ||
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14 Herculis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | K | 58 | [x] |
39 Arietis | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | K | 171 | [x] |
42 Draconis | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | K | 315 | [x] |
54 Piscium | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | K | 36 | [x] |
6 Lyncis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | K | 182 | [x] |
61 Cygni | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source | K | 11 | [x] |
70 Ophiuchi | Star, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | K | 16 | [x] |
AB Pictoris | Star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, Pre-main sequence Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | K | 150 | [x] |
Albireo | Star, Double or multiple star, Star in double system, Infra-Red source, Variable Star | K | 435 | [x] |
Aldebaran | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 67 | [x] |
Algieba | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source | K | 130 | [x] |
Alpha Antliae | Star, Infra-Red source, Variable Star | K | 366 | [x] |
Alpha Horologii | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | K | 115 | [x] |
Alpha Indi | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | K | 98 | [x] |
Alpha Scuti | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 199 | [x] |
Alpha Tucanae | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source | K | 200 | [x] |
Alpha Volantis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | 125 | [x] | |
Alphard | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 180 | [x] |
Alsciaukat | Star, Infra-Red source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable Star | K | 382 | [x] |
Angetenar | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, X-ray source | K | 187 | [x] |
Ankaa | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source | K | 85 | [x] |
Arcturus | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Czerwony olbrzym, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 37 | [x] |
Asellus Australis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | K | 131 | [x] |
Azha | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 136 | [x] |
BD+05 1295 | Star, Double or multiple star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | K | 114 | [x] |
BD-01 2784 | Star, Infra-Red source | K | 67 | [x] |
Beta Volantis | Star, Infra-Red source, Variable Star | K | 108 | [x] |
Botein | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 169 | [x] |
Cebalrai | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 82 | [x] |
D Centauri | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source | K | 572 | [x] |
Delta Andromedae | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 105 | [x] |
Deneb Algedi | Star, Double or multiple star, Eclipsing binary of Algol type (detached), Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | 39 | [x] | |
Diphda | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | K | 96 | [x] |
Enif | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Long-period variable star, Peculiar star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 690 | [x] |
Epsilon Crucis | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | K | 230 | [x] |
Epsilon Cygni | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | K | 72 | [x] |
Epsilon Eridani | Star, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | K | 11 | [x] |
Epsilon Indi | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, UV-emission source, X-ray source | K | 12 | [x] |
Epsilon Reticuli | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | K | 59 | [x] |
Epsilon Scorpii | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | K | 64 | [x] |
Eta Cephei | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | K | 46 | [x] |
Eta Serpentis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 61 | [x] |
Etamin | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | K | 154 | [x] |
G Scorpii | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 126 | [x] |
Gliese 868 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | K | 44 | [x] |
Groombridge 1618 | Star, Double or multiple star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | K | 16 | [x] |
Grumium | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | K | 112 | [x] |
Hamal | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 66 | [x] |
HIP 2 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | K | 156 | [x] |
HIP 20277 | Star, High proper-motion Star | K | 143 | [x] |
HIP 2350 | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | K | 163 | [x] |
HR 8210 | Star, Variable Star of delta Sct type, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, Biały karzeł, X-ray source | 151 | [x] | |
Iota Centauri | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | 59 | [x] | |
Iota Cephei | Star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 116 | [x] |
Kappa Ophiuchi | Star, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 91 | [x] |
Kaus Borealis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | K | 78 | [x] |
LHS 71 | Star, Double or multiple star, Gwiazda rozbłyskowa, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | K | 21 | [x] |
LTT 5873 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray source | K | 104 | [x] |
LTT 7669 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | K | 87 | [x] |
Menkent | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | K | 59 | [x] |
Mesarthim | Star, Double or multiple star, Variable Star of alpha2 CVn type, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star | 204 | [x] | |
Nashira | Star, Variable Star of alpha2 CVn type, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star | 157 | [x] | |
NLTT 1512 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | K | 117 | [x] |
NLTT 25207 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | K | 91 | [x] |
Pi Hydrae | Star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | K | 101 | [x] |
Pi Puppis | Star, Double or multiple star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable Star | K | 807 | [x] |
Pollux | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | K | 34 | [x] |
Praecipua | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 95 | [x] |
Rana | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, Variable of RS CVn type, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 30 | [x] |
Sceptrum | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | K | 110 | [x] |
Schedar | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 229 | [x] |
Sheratan | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star | 58 | [x] | |
Sigma Canis Majoris | Star, Double or multiple star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, Long-period variable star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 1121 | [x] |
Sigma Puppis | Star, Double or multiple star, Ellipsoidal variable Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 184 | [x] |
SPOCS 111 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | K | 114 | [x] |
T Tauri | Star, Double or multiple star, Star in Nebula, Emission-line Star, Obiekt Herbiga-Haro, Infra-Red source, Variable Star of Orion Type, Gwiazda typu T Tauri, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | K | 595 | [x] |
Tau Puppis | Star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source | K | 182 | [x] |
Tau Sagittarii | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source | K | 121 | [x] |
Unukalhai | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | K | 74 | [x] |
V1487 Aquilae | Czarna dziura, Promieniowanie gamma, Low Mass X-ray Binary, Nowa klasyczna, Variable Star, X-ray source | K | 8100 | [x] |
WASP-11 | Star, Infra-Red source, Extra-solar Planet, Variable Star | K | 408 | [x] |
Wolf 864 | Star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | K | 64 | [x] |
Zeta Andromedae | Star, Double or multiple star, Ellipsoidal variable Star, Infra-Red source, Variable of RS CVn type, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | K | 189 | [x] |
Zeta Scuti | Star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source | K | 206 | [x] |
Zeta Volantis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | K | 141 | [x] |
Zibal | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star | 110 | [x] | |
1 Aurigae | Star, Infra-Red source | K | 504 | |
1 Pegasi | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source | K | 156 | |
105 Piscium | Star, Infra-Red source | K | 392 | |
109 Herculis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | K | 119 | |
11 Cephei | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | K | 182 | |
12 Aquarii | Star, Double or multiple star | K | 106 | |
12 Tauri | Star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | K | 372 | |
12 Virginis | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | 164 | ||
15 Eridani | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | K | 255 | |
15 Geminorum | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source | K | 58 | |
18 Librae | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source | K | 310 | |
2 Librae | Star, Infra-Red source | K | 334 | |
20 Cephei | Star, Infra-Red source, Variable Star | K | 303 | |
21 Eridani | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | K | 110 |