G
Clasificación estelar
5,000–6,000 K
0.96–1.15 R☉
0.8–1.04 M☉
Una estrella de tipo-G de la secuencia principal (Tipo Espectral: G-V), a menudo también denominada enana amarilla o estrella enana G, es una estrella de la secuencia principal (clase de luminosidad V) de tipo espectral G. Una estrella de este tipo tiene alrededor de 0,8 a 1,2 masas solares y una temperatura superficial comprendida entre 5,300 y 6,000 K. Al igual que otras estrellas de la secuencia principal, una estrella de tipo-G de la secuencia principal está en el proceso de convertir el elemento hidrógeno en helio en su núcleo por medio de la fusión nuclear. El Sol, estrella a la que la Tierra está unida gravitacionalmente en el Sistema Solar y el objeto con mayor magnitud aparente, es un ejemplo de estrella de tipo-G de la secuencia principal. Cada segundo, el Sol fusiona aproximadamente 600 millones de toneladas de hidrógeno en helio, convirtiendo cerca de 4 millones de toneladas de materia en energía. Además del Sol, otros ejemplos bien conocidos de estrellas de tipo-G de la secuencia principal incluyen Alfa Centauri A, Tau Ceti y 51 Pegasi. El término enana amarilla es una denominación errónea, ya que en realidad las estrellas de tipo-G varían en color, del blanco (para los tipos más luminosos como el Sol), a sólo muy ligeramente amarillas (para las menos masivas y luminosas de tipo-G de la secuencia principal). El Sol es en realidad blanco, pero aparece amarillo a través de la atmósfera terrestre debido a la dispersión atmosférica de Rayleigh. Además, aunque el término "enano" es utilizado para contrastar estrellas amarillas de la secuencia principal de estrellas gigantes, las enanas amarillas como el Sol superan en brillantez al 90% de las estrellas de la Vía Láctea (que son en gran medida mucho más tenues que las enanas naranjas, las enanas rojas, y las enanas blancas, siendo las últimas remanentes estelares). Una estrella de tipo-G de la secuencia principal fusionará el hidrógeno durante aproximadamente 10 mil millones de años, hasta que se agote en el centro de la estrella. Cuando esto sucede, la estrella se expande en mayor proporción a su anterior estado y se convierte en una gigante roja, tales como Aldebarán (o Alpha Tauri). Finalmente, la gigante roja pierde sus capas exteriores de gas, dando lugar a una nebulosa planetaria, mientras tanto el núcleo se va enfriando y contrayendo en una enana blanca densa y compacta. * δ Pavonis está abandonando la secuencia principal para transformarse en una estrella subgigante.
Uses material from the Wikipedia article "Estrella de tipo-G de la secuencia principal", which is released under the Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0.Objeto astronómico | Distancia | Wiki | ||
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1 Geminorum | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 155 | [x] |
109 Piscium | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 106 | [x] |
11 Leonis Minoris | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, Variable of RS CVn type, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 37 | [x] |
13 Trianguli | Estrella, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 102 | [x] |
14 Andromedae | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | G | 258 | [x] |
15 Leonis Minoris | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 60 | [x] |
18 Scorpii | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | G | 46 | [x] |
20 Leonis Minoris | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 49 | [x] |
23 Librae | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 86 | [x] |
27 Arietis | Estrella, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 289 | [x] |
31 Aquilae | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | G | 50 | [x] |
31 Vulpeculae | Estrella, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 189 | [x] |
35 Pegasi | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 148 | [x] |
37 Geminorum | Estrella, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 56 | [x] |
39 Tauri | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 55 | [x] |
42 Capricorni | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 108 | [x] |
47 Ursae Majoris | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 46 | [x] |
51 Arietis | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 68 | [x] |
51 Pegasi | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, Star suspected of Variability | G | 51 | [x] |
52 Cygni | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 201 | [x] |
53 Aquarii | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 66 | [x] |
59 Arietis | Estrella, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 219 | [x] |
59 Virginis | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 57 | [x] |
6 Persei | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Star in double system, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, Variable Star | G | 212 | [x] |
6 Trianguli | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Ellipsoidal variable Star, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 291 | [x] |
61 Ursae Majoris | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 31 | [x] |
61 Virginis | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source | G | 28 | [x] |
70 Pegasi | Estrella, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source | G | 175 | [x] |
70 Virginis | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 58 | [x] |
72 Herculis | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | G | 47 | [x] |
75 Cancri | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source | G | 101 | [x] |
79 Ceti | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 127 | [x] |
82 Eridani | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 19 | [x] |
85 Pegasi | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 40 | [x] |
9 Ceti | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 68 | [x] |
94 Aquarii | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source | G | 69 | [x] |
Alpha Centauri | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 4 | [x] |
Alpha Reticuli | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 161 | [x] |
Alshain | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 45 | [x] |
Altais | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 98 | [x] |
Ancha | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 188 | [x] |
BD+20 1018 | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 110 | [x] |
BD+20 2314 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 108 | [x] |
Beta Fornacis | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gigante roja, UV-emission source | G | 173 | [x] |
Beta Hydri | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | G | 25 | [x] |
BPM 590 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 106 | [x] |
Capella | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 43 | [x] |
Chara | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 28 | [x] |
Chi Herculis | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source | G | 52 | [x] |
Delta Pavonis | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 20 | [x] |
Delta Trianguli | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 35 | [x] |
DK Ursae Majoris | Estrella, Infra-Red source, Variable of RS CVn type, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 104 | [x] |
Dubhe | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star | G | 123 | [x] |
Epsilon Andromedae | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 164 | [x] |
Epsilon Scuti | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 538 | [x] |
Eta Draconis | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 92 | [x] |
Eta Herculis | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 109 | [x] |
GCRV 52424 | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 107 | [x] |
Gliese 3002 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 128 | [x] |
HIP 100970 | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 122 | [x] |
HIP 104903 | Estrella | G | 148 | [x] |
HIP 106006 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 155 | [x] |
HIP 108375 | Estrella, High proper-motion Star | G | 149 | [x] |
HIP 116616 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 160 | [x] |
HIP 12191 | Estrella, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 189 | [x] |
HIP 25191 | Estrella, Infra-Red source | G | 185 | [x] |
HIP 55459 | Estrella, Infra-Red source | G | 131 | [x] |
HIP 60081 | Estrella, Infra-Red source | G | 167 | [x] |
HIP 6512 | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray source | G | 184 | [x] |
HIP 73408 | Estrella, Infra-Red source | G | 184 | [x] |
HIP 77517 | Estrella, High proper-motion Star | G | 161 | [x] |
HIP 78399 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 132 | [x] |
HIP 90004 | Estrella, Infra-Red source | G | 140 | [x] |
HR 2622 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 94 | [x] |
HR 8829 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 96 | [x] |
i Bootis | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, Eclipsing binary of W UMa type (contact binary), X-ray source | G | 42 | [x] |
Iota Capricorni | Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 197 | [x] |
Kappa Fornacis | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 72 | [x] |
Kornephoros | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 139 | [x] |
l Carinae | Estrella, Classical Cepheid (delta Cep type), Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star | G | 402 | [x] |
Lambda Andromedae | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 86 | [x] |
Lambda Serpentis | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 40 | [x] |
LHS 1387 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 42 | [x] |
LTT 149 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 76 | [x] |
LTT 15317 | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 92 | [x] |
LTT 9276 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 116 | [x] |
Mebsuta | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star | G | 845 | [x] |
Ogma | Estrella, High proper-motion Star | G | 121 | [x] |
Omicron Ursae Majoris | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 179 | [x] |
Pi Fornacis | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 294 | [x] |
Pi Mensae | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 60 | [x] |
Q Scorpii | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 165 | [x] |
Rho Cassiopeiae | Estrella, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable Star | G | 11649 | [x] |
Rho Indi | Estrella, Infra-Red source | G | 87 | [x] |
Sadalbari | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 106 | [x] |
SAO 99049 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 106 | [x] |
Sigma Draconis | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 19 | [x] |
Tau Ceti | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 12 | [x] |
Tonatiuh | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 52 | [x] |
u Carinae | Estrella, Classical Cepheid (delta Cep type), Infra-Red source, Variable Star | G | 95 | [x] |