G
Clasificación estelar

G
Temperatura efectiva
5,000–6,000 K
Radio solar
0.96–1.15 R
Masa solar
0.8–1.04 M

Una estrella de tipo-G de la secuencia principal (Tipo Espectral: G-V), a menudo también denominada enana amarilla o estrella enana G, es una estrella de la secuencia principal (clase de luminosidad V) de tipo espectral G. Una estrella de este tipo tiene alrededor de 0,8 a 1,2 masas solares y una temperatura superficial comprendida entre 5,300 y 6,000 K. Al igual que otras estrellas de la secuencia principal, una estrella de tipo-G de la secuencia principal está en el proceso de convertir el elemento hidrógeno en helio en su núcleo por medio de la fusión nuclear. El Sol, estrella a la que la Tierra está unida gravitacionalmente en el Sistema Solar y el objeto con mayor magnitud aparente, es un ejemplo de estrella de tipo-G de la secuencia principal. Cada segundo, el Sol fusiona aproximadamente 600 millones de toneladas de hidrógeno en helio, convirtiendo cerca de 4 millones de toneladas de materia en energía. Además del Sol, otros ejemplos bien conocidos de estrellas de tipo-G de la secuencia principal incluyen Alfa Centauri A, Tau Ceti y 51 Pegasi. El término enana amarilla es una denominación errónea, ya que en realidad las estrellas de tipo-G varían en color, del blanco (para los tipos más luminosos como el Sol), a sólo muy ligeramente amarillas (para las menos masivas y luminosas de tipo-G de la secuencia principal). El Sol es en realidad blanco, pero aparece amarillo a través de la atmósfera terrestre debido a la dispersión atmosférica de Rayleigh. Además, aunque el término "enano" es utilizado para contrastar estrellas amarillas de la secuencia principal de estrellas gigantes, las enanas amarillas como el Sol superan en brillantez al 90% de las estrellas de la Vía Láctea (que son en gran medida mucho más tenues que las enanas naranjas, las enanas rojas, y las enanas blancas, siendo las últimas remanentes estelares). Una estrella de tipo-G de la secuencia principal fusionará el hidrógeno durante aproximadamente 10 mil millones de años, hasta que se agote en el centro de la estrella. Cuando esto sucede, la estrella se expande en mayor proporción a su anterior estado y se convierte en una gigante roja, tales como Aldebarán (o Alpha Tauri). Finalmente, la gigante roja pierde sus capas exteriores de gas, dando lugar a una nebulosa planetaria, mientras tanto el núcleo se va enfriando y contrayendo en una enana blanca densa y compacta. * δ Pavonis está abandonando la secuencia principal para transformarse en una estrella subgigante.

Uses material from the Wikipedia article "Estrella de tipo-G de la secuencia principal", which is released under the Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0.
Objeto astronómico DistanciaWiki
1 GeminorumEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG155[x]
109 PisciumEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG106[x]
11 Leonis MinorisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, Variable of RS CVn type, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG37[x]
13 TrianguliEstrella, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG102[x]
14 AndromedaeEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarG258[x]
15 Leonis MinorisEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG60[x]
18 ScorpiiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarG46[x]
20 Leonis MinorisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG49[x]
23 LibraeEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG86[x]
27 ArietisEstrella, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG289[x]
31 AquilaeEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarG50[x]
31 VulpeculaeEstrella, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG189[x]
35 PegasiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG148[x]
37 GeminorumEstrella, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG56[x]
39 TauriEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG55[x]
42 CapricorniEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG108[x]
47 Ursae MajorisEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG46[x]
51 ArietisEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG68[x]
51 PegasiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, Star suspected of VariabilityG51[x]
52 CygniEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG201[x]
53 AquariiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG66[x]
59 ArietisEstrella, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG219[x]
59 VirginisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG57[x]
6 PerseiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Star in double system, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, Variable StarG212[x]
6 TrianguliEstrella, Double or multiple star, Ellipsoidal variable Star, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG291[x]
61 Ursae MajorisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG31[x]
61 VirginisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission sourceG28[x]
70 PegasiEstrella, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission sourceG175[x]
70 VirginisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG58[x]
72 HerculisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarG47[x]
75 CancriEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission sourceG101[x]
79 CetiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG127[x]
82 EridaniEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG19[x]
85 PegasiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG40[x]
9 CetiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG68[x]
94 AquariiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission sourceG69[x]
Alpha CentauriEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG4[x]
Alpha ReticuliEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG161[x]
AlshainEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG45[x]
AltaisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG98[x]
AnchaEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG188[x]
BD+20 1018Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG110[x]
BD+20 2314Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG108[x]
Beta FornacisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gigante roja, UV-emission sourceG173[x]
Beta HydriEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarG25[x]
BPM 590Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG106[x]
CapellaEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG43[x]
CharaEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG28[x]
Chi HerculisEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission sourceG52[x]
Delta PavonisEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG20[x]
Delta TrianguliEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG35[x]
DK Ursae MajorisEstrella, Infra-Red source, Variable of RS CVn type, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG104[x]
DubheEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable StarG123[x]
Epsilon AndromedaeEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG164[x]
Epsilon ScutiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG538[x]
Eta DraconisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG92[x]
Eta HerculisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG109[x]
GCRV 52424Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG107[x]
Gliese 3002Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG128[x]
HIP 100970Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG122[x]
HIP 104903EstrellaG148[x]
HIP 106006Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG155[x]
HIP 108375Estrella, High proper-motion StarG149[x]
HIP 116616Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG160[x]
HIP 12191Estrella, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG189[x]
HIP 25191Estrella, Infra-Red sourceG185[x]
HIP 55459Estrella, Infra-Red sourceG131[x]
HIP 60081Estrella, Infra-Red sourceG167[x]
HIP 6512Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray sourceG184[x]
HIP 73408Estrella, Infra-Red sourceG184[x]
HIP 77517Estrella, High proper-motion StarG161[x]
HIP 78399Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG132[x]
HIP 90004Estrella, Infra-Red sourceG140[x]
HR 2622Estrella, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG94[x]
HR 8829Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG96[x]
i BootisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, Eclipsing binary of W UMa type (contact binary), X-ray sourceG42[x]
Iota CapricorniEstrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG197[x]
Kappa FornacisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG72[x]
KornephorosEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG139[x]
l CarinaeEstrella, Classical Cepheid (delta Cep type), Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable StarG402[x]
Lambda AndromedaeEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG86[x]
Lambda SerpentisEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG40[x]
LHS 1387Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG42[x]
LTT 149Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG76[x]
LTT 15317Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG92[x]
LTT 9276Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG116[x]
MebsutaEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable StarG845[x]
OgmaEstrella, High proper-motion StarG121[x]
Omicron Ursae MajorisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG179[x]
Pi FornacisEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG294[x]
Pi MensaeEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG60[x]
Q ScorpiiEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG165[x]
Rho CassiopeiaeEstrella, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable StarG11649[x]
Rho IndiEstrella, Infra-Red sourceG87[x]
SadalbariEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG106[x]
SAO 99049Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG106[x]
Sigma DraconisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG19[x]
Tau CetiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG12[x]
TonatiuhEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG52[x]
u CarinaeEstrella, Classical Cepheid (delta Cep type), Infra-Red source, Variable StarG95[x]