G
Typ widmowy

G
Temperatura efektywna
5,000–6,000 K
Promień Słońca
0.96–1.15 R☉
Masa Słońca
0.8–1.04 M☉

Żółty karzeł – gwiazda ciągu głównego o typie widmowym G i klasie jasności V (określana jako gwiazda G V). Najbardziej znanym przykładem żółtego karła jest Słońce. Inne gwiazdy tego typu to m.in. alfa Centauri A, tau Ceti i 51 Pegasi. Żółte karły mają zwykle masę między 0,8 a 1,4 masy Słońca i żyją około 10 miliardów lat. Pod koniec życia (po wypaleniu całego wodoru w jądrze), żółte karły wielokrotnie zwiększają swoje rozmiary, przechodząc w stadium czerwonego olbrzyma. Z czasem czerwony olbrzym odrzuca zewnętrzne warstwy gazu, tworząc mgławicę planetarną. W środku mgławicy pozostaje jedynie gorące jądro, określane mianem białego karła. Nazwa "żółty karzeł" jest myląca, gdyż gwiazdy typu G V przez większość życia są białawe (jak Słońce), żółtego zabarwienia nabierając dopiero niedługo przed staniem się czerwonym olbrzymem.

Uses material from the Wikipedia article "Żółty karzeł", which is released under the Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0.
Ciało niebieskie OdległośćWiki
109 PisciumStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG106[x]
14 AndromedaeStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarG258[x]
18 ScorpiiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarG46[x]
23 LibraeStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG86[x]
47 Ursae MajorisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG46[x]
51 PegasiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, Star suspected of VariabilityG51[x]
61 VirginisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission sourceG28[x]
70 VirginisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG58[x]
79 CetiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG127[x]
82 EridaniStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG19[x]
Alpha CentauriStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG4[x]
Alpha ReticuliStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG161[x]
AlshainStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG45[x]
AltaisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG98[x]
AnchaStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG188[x]
BD+20 1018Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG110[x]
Beta HydriStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarG25[x]
BPM 590Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG106[x]
CapellaStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG43[x]
CD-58 4207Star, Infra-Red sourceG129[x]
CD-63 359Star, Double or multiple starG116[x]
Delta PavonisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG20[x]
DubheStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable StarG123[x]
Eta AndromedaeStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG229[x]
Eta DraconisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG92[x]
Eta HerculisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG109[x]
Gliese 3002Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG128[x]
Gliese 4052Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG122[x]
HD 222582Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG137[x]
HIP 104903StarG148[x]
HIP 108375Star, High proper-motion StarG149[x]
HIP 116616Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG160[x]
HIP 118319Star, Infra-Red sourceG321[x]
HIP 20723Star, Infra-Red sourceG138[x]
HIP 24681Star, Infra-Red sourceG152[x]
HIP 30860Star, Infra-Red sourceG160[x]
HIP 32916StarG144[x]
HIP 60081Star, Infra-Red sourceG167[x]
HIP 6512Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray sourceG184[x]
HIP 68162Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG147[x]
HIP 73408Star, Infra-Red sourceG184[x]
HIP 77517Star, High proper-motion StarG161[x]
HIP 79346Star, Infra-Red sourceG180[x]
HIP 97546Star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG144[x]
HR 2622Star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG94[x]
Iota CapricorniStar, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG197[x]
KornephorosStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG139[x]
Lambda AndromedaeStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG86[x]
LTT 1581Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG116[x]
LTT 1582Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG116[x]
MebsutaStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable StarG845[x]
OgmaStar, High proper-motion StarG121[x]
Omicron Ursae MajorisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG179[x]
Pi MensaeStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG60[x]
Rho CassiopeiaeStar, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable StarG11649[x]
Rho IndiStar, Infra-Red sourceG87[x]
SadalbariStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG106[x]
Sigma DraconisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG19[x]
Tau CetiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG12[x]
TonatiuhStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG52[x]
VindemiatrixStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG110[x]
W SagittariiStar, Double or multiple star, Classical Cepheid (delta Cep type), Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable StarG2078[x]
Wolf 1326Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG120[x]
Xi HydraeStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceG130[x]
Yed PosteriorStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG107[x]
Zeta HerculisStar, Double or multiple star, Star in double system, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG34[x]
Zeta LupiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red sourceG118[x]
1 GeminorumStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG155
11 Leonis MinorisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, Variable of RS CVn type, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG37
112 PisciumStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarG110
13 OrionisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG90
13 TrianguliStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG102
14 TauriStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG409
15 Leonis MinorisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG60
18 CetiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG101
20 Leonis MinorisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG49
24 Leonis MinorisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG108
27 ArietisStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG289
29 CetiStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG158
2MASS J02203674+5705366Star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red sourceG7691
2MASS J02213620+5711087Star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red sourceG7650
2MASS J04301150+3517024Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectG2580
2MASS J05362819-0524176Star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red sourceG1285
2MASS J06410295+0947543Star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, Variable Star, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectG2195
2MASS J06411380+0955439Star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, Variable Star, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectG2204
2MASS J18040430-2417105Star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, Pre-main sequence Star, X-ray source, Young Stellar ObjectG4208
31 AquilaeStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarG50
31 VulpeculaeStar, Infra-Red source, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG189
33 SextantisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, X-ray sourceG121
34 LyncisStar, Infra-Red sourceG181
35 LeonisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG102
35 PegasiStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG148
37 GeminorumStar, Infra-Red source, UV-emission sourceG56
38 Leonis MinorisStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission sourceG171
39 SerpentisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable StarG57
39 TauriStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG55
40 CetiStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission sourceG98
41 HerculisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarG149
42 CapricorniStar, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, Gwiazda podwójna, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceG108
49 SerpentisStar, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red sourceG77