G
恒星光谱
G
有效溫度
5,000–6,000 K
5,000–6,000 K
太阳半径
0.96–1.15 R☉
0.96–1.15 R☉
太阳质量
0.8–1.04 M☉
0.8–1.04 M☉
黃矮星,在天文學上的正式名稱為GV恆星,是光譜型態為G,發光度為V的主序星。這一類恆星的質量大約在0.8至1.0太陽質量,表面的有效溫度在5,300至6,000K,表VII、VIII。。與其他的主序星一樣,GV恆星在核心進行將氫融合成氦的核融合反應。太陽是最著名的,也是最易見到的GV恆星(黃矮星),每秒鐘將大約6億噸的氫轉換成氦,將400萬噸的質量轉換成能量。 其他的GV恆星,還有南門二(半人馬座α)、鯨魚座τ和飛馬座51。 黃矮星其實是一個錯誤的名稱,因為光譜類型為G的恆星實際顏色是從白色到黃色的,像太陽在早期的顏色是白色,只有到晚期才會成為黃色。 參考光譜分類的顏色與光譜圖,太陽實際上是白色的,被錯誤的看成黃色是因為背景的藍天造成的(在藍色的襯托下變得偏黃),而在地平線附近的太陽呈現紅色,則是大氣層的瑞利散射造成的。 一顆GV恆星燃燒氫的生命期大約是100億年,當他耗盡了核心的氫燃料之後,這一類恆星便會膨脹許多倍,發展成一顆紅巨星,像是畢宿五(金牛座α)。 最後,這顆紅巨星會拋掉它外層的氣體,成為行星狀星雲,而這時裸露出來的核心便是一顆體積小、密度高的白矮星,在往後的歲月中只會持續的降溫與壓縮。
Uses material from the Wikipedia article "G型主序星", which is released under the Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0.Astronomical object | 距离 | Wiki | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 Geminorum | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 155 | [x] |
109 Piscium | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 106 | [x] |
13 Trianguli | Star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 102 | [x] |
14 Andromedae | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | G | 258 | [x] |
15 Leonis Minoris | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 60 | [x] |
18 Scorpii | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | G | 46 | [x] |
23 Librae | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 86 | [x] |
27 Arietis | Star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 289 | [x] |
31 Aquilae | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | G | 50 | [x] |
31 Vulpeculae | Star, Infra-Red source, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 189 | [x] |
35 Pegasi | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 148 | [x] |
37 Geminorum | Star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 56 | [x] |
39 Tauri | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 55 | [x] |
42 Capricorni | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 108 | [x] |
47 Ursae Majoris | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 46 | [x] |
51 Arietis | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 68 | [x] |
51 Pegasi | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, Star suspected of Variability | G | 51 | [x] |
52 Cygni | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 201 | [x] |
54 Persei | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 218 | [x] |
58 Eridani | Star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 43 | [x] |
59 Arietis | Star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 219 | [x] |
59 Virginis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 57 | [x] |
6 Persei | Star, Double or multiple star, Star in double system, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, 聯星, Variable Star | G | 212 | [x] |
6 Trianguli | Star, Double or multiple star, Ellipsoidal variable Star, Infra-Red source, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 291 | [x] |
61 Ursae Majoris | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 31 | [x] |
61 Virginis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source | G | 28 | [x] |
7 Comae Berenices | Star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source | G | 249 | [x] |
70 Pegasi | Star, Infra-Red source, 聯星, UV-emission source | G | 175 | [x] |
70 Virginis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 58 | [x] |
72 Herculis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | G | 47 | [x] |
79 Ceti | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 127 | [x] |
82 Eridani | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 19 | [x] |
85 Pegasi | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 40 | [x] |
86 Aquarii | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 217 | [x] |
9 Ceti | Star, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, 耀星, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 68 | [x] |
94 Aquarii | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, 聯星, UV-emission source | G | 69 | [x] |
Alpha Centauri | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, 聯星, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 4 | [x] |
Alshain | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 45 | [x] |
Altais | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 98 | [x] |
BD+20 1018 | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 110 | [x] |
BD-01 2075 | Star, Infra-Red source | G | 162 | [x] |
BD-17 4442 | Star, Infra-Red source | G | 106 | [x] |
Beta Fornacis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, 紅巨星, UV-emission source | G | 173 | [x] |
Beta Hydri | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | G | 25 | [x] |
BPM 590 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 106 | [x] |
Capella | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 43 | [x] |
CD-58 4207 | Star, Infra-Red source | G | 129 | [x] |
Chi Eridani | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 58 | [x] |
Chi Herculis | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, UV-emission source | G | 52 | [x] |
Delta Pavonis | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 20 | [x] |
Delta Phoenicis | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 142 | [x] |
Delta Trianguli | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, 聯星, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 35 | [x] |
DK Ursae Majoris | Star, Infra-Red source, Variable of RS CVn type, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 104 | [x] |
Dubhe | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star | G | 123 | [x] |
Epsilon Andromedae | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 164 | [x] |
Eta Andromedae | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, 聯星, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 229 | [x] |
Eta Draconis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 92 | [x] |
Eta Herculis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | G | 109 | [x] |
Eta Normae | Star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 219 | [x] |
g Eridani | Star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 210 | [x] |
Gamma Horologii | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source | G | 182 | [x] |
GCRV 52424 | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 107 | [x] |
Gliese 3002 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, X-ray source | G | 128 | [x] |
Gliese 4014 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 192 | [x] |
Gliese 4052 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 122 | [x] |
HD 13931 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 144 | [x] |
HD 222582 | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 137 | [x] |
HIP 100970 | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 122 | [x] |
HIP 101806 | Star, Double or multiple star | G | 163 | [x] |
HIP 108375 | Star, High proper-motion Star | G | 149 | [x] |
HIP 116616 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 160 | [x] |
HIP 118319 | Star, Infra-Red source | G | 321 | [x] |
HIP 12191 | Star, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 189 | [x] |
HIP 17960 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 152 | [x] |
HIP 20199 | Star, Infra-Red source | G | 148 | [x] |
HIP 20723 | Star, Infra-Red source | G | 138 | [x] |
HIP 21850 | Star, Infra-Red source | G | 173 | [x] |
HIP 24681 | Star, Infra-Red source | G | 152 | [x] |
HIP 30860 | Star, Infra-Red source | G | 160 | [x] |
HIP 31540 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 129 | [x] |
HIP 32916 | Star | G | 144 | [x] |
HIP 39417 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 179 | [x] |
HIP 42282 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 328 | [x] |
HIP 48739 | Star, Infra-Red source | G | 146 | [x] |
HIP 60081 | Star, Infra-Red source | G | 167 | [x] |
HIP 6512 | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray source | G | 184 | [x] |
HIP 68162 | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 147 | [x] |
HIP 7245 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 171 | [x] |
HIP 77517 | Star, High proper-motion Star | G | 161 | [x] |
HIP 90004 | Star, Infra-Red source | G | 140 | [x] |
HIP 95740 | Star, Infra-Red source | G | 180 | [x] |
HIP 97336 | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 157 | [x] |
HIP 98714 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 201 | [x] |
HR 2251 | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star | G | 63 | [x] |
HR 2622 | Star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 94 | [x] |
HR 5297 | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source | G | 182 | [x] |
HR 5632 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 80 | [x] |
HR 6441 | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source | G | 156 | [x] |
HR 8829 | Star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | G | 96 | [x] |
i Bootis | Star, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, 聯星, UV-emission source, Variable Star, Eclipsing binary of W UMa type (contact binary), X-ray source | G | 42 | [x] |