M
Clasificación estelar
2,000–3,500 K
≤ 0.7 R☉
0.08–0.45 M☉
Una enana roja es una estrella pequeña y relativamente fría de la secuencia principal, ya sea de tipo espectral K tardío o M. Este tipo lo forman la mayor parte de las estrellas, siendo sus valores de masa y diámetro inferiores a la mitad de los del Sol (por debajo de 0,08 masas solares se denominan enanas marrones) y una temperatura superficial de menos de 4000 K. Las enanas rojas son, hasta la fecha, el tipo más común de estrellas de la Vía Láctea, por lo menos en la vecindad del Sol, pero debido a su baja luminosidad las enanas rojas individuales no pueden ser observadas fácilmente. Desde la Tierra, ninguna es visible a simple vista. Próxima Centauri, la estrella más cercana al Sol, es una enana roja (de Tipo M5 y magnitud aparente 11.05), al igual que las veinte de las próximas treinta estrellas más cercanas. De acuerdo con algunas estimaciones, las enanas rojas representan las tres cuartas partes de las estrellas en la Vía Láctea. Modelos estelares indican que las enanas rojas con menos de 0.35 M☉ son completamente convectivas. De ahí a que el helio producido por la fusión termonuclear se vuelva a mezclar constantemente a lo largo de la estrella, evitando una acumulación en el núcleo. Por lo tanto, las enanas rojas se desarrollan muy lentamente, albergando una luminosidad constante y tipo espectral para, en teoría, algunos miles de millones de años, agotar su combustible. Debido a la relativamente corta edad del universo, no existen enanas rojas con etapas evolutivas avanzadas.
Uses material from the Wikipedia article "Enana roja", which is released under the Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0.Objeto astronómico | Distancia | Wiki | ||
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AD Leonis | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Radio-source, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 16 | [x] |
Anser | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 297 | [x] |
Antares | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Star in Nebula, Región H II, Infra-Red source, Medio interestelar, Nebulosa de reflexión, UV-emission source | M | 553 | [x] |
AU Microscopii | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 33 | [x] |
Barnard's Star | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 6 | [x] |
BD+21 652 | Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 37 | [x] |
Beta Gruis | Estrella, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 177 | [x] |
Betelgeuse | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Supergigante roja, sub-millimetric source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 498 | [x] |
BR Piscium | Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 19 | [x] |
CD-37 15492 | Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 14 | [x] |
CM Draconis | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella binaria, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 48 | [x] |
DT Virginis | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 36 | [x] |
EE Leonis | Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 22 | [x] |
EI Cancri | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 17 | [x] |
Epsilon Muscae | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable Star | M | 302 | [x] |
EQ Pegasi | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 20 | [x] |
Eta Sagittarii | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 146 | [x] |
EZ Aquarii | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 11 | [x] |
G 139-21 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 42 | [x] |
G 99-49 | Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, X-ray source | M | 18 | [x] |
Gacrux | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 89 | [x] |
Gamma Hydri | Estrella, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 215 | [x] |
Gamma Phoenicis | Estrella, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, Variable Star | M | 233 | [x] |
GL Virginis | Estrella, Star in Cluster, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 21 | [x] |
Gorgonea Tertia | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Semi-regular pulsating Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 308 | [x] |
Groombridge 34 | Estrella, Estrella binaria, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 12 | [x] |
IL Aquarii | Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 15 | [x] |
KY Cygni | Estrella, Estrella de carbono, Infra-Red source, Long-period variable star, Máser, Supergigante roja, Variable Star | M | 5000 | [x] |
Lacaille 8760 | Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 13 | [x] |
Lacaille 9352 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, Variable Star | M | 11 | [x] |
Lalande 21185 | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, X-ray source | M | 9 | [x] |
LFT 377 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 39 | [x] |
LHS 2 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 15 | [x] |
LHS 2037 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 38 | [x] |
LHS 2335 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 58 | [x] |
LHS 2459 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 17 | [x] |
LHS 281 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 56 | [x] |
LHS 292 | Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 15 | [x] |
LHS 3003 | Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Radio-source | M | 20 | [x] |
LHS 397 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 20 | [x] |
LHS 449 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 15 | [x] |
Luyten's Star | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 12 | [x] |
Mirach | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 197 | [x] |
Mu Aquilae | Estrella, Infra-Red source, Variable Star of Mira Cet type, Variable Star | M | 107 | [x] |
Nu Hydrae | Estrella, Infra-Red source, Long-period variable star, Variable Star | M | 143 | [x] |
Propus | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 120 | [x] |
QY Aurigae | Estrella, Star in Cluster, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 20 | [x] |
R Centauri | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Variable Star of Mira Cet type, Variable Star | M | 1255 | [x] |
R Doradus | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable Star | M | 203 | [x] |
Rasalgethi | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, Semi-regular pulsating Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 360 | [x] |
Ross 128 | Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 11 | [x] |
Ross 154 | Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 9 | [x] |
Ross 248 | Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 10 | [x] |
Ross 33 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 30 | [x] |
Ross 614 | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Emission-line Star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 13 | [x] |
Ross 780 | Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 15 | [x] |
Ross 905 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray source | M | 33 | [x] |
RS Persei | Estrella, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, Supergigante roja, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable Star | M | 7670 | [x] |
S Persei | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Máser, Supergigante roja, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable Star | M | ... | [x] |
Tapia | Variable Star of Mira Cet type | M | 121 | [x] |
Teegarden's Star | Estrella, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 12 | [x] |
TZ Arietis | Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 15 | [x] |
UCAC2 23395816 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, Pre-main sequence Star, X-ray source | M | 473 | [x] |
UV Ceti | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 8 | [x] |
V1581 Cygni | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 15 | [x] |
VV Cephei | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Eclipsing binary of Algol type (detached), Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, Variable Star | M | 2452 | [x] |
VY Canis Majoris | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Máser, Pulsating variable Star, Supergigante roja, sub-millimetric source, Variable Star, Star suspected of Variability | M | 1833 | [x] |
Wolf 1061 | Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 14 | [x] |
Wolf 1329 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray source | M | 29 | [x] |
Wolf 1453 | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 19 | [x] |
Wolf 1481 | Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 20 | [x] |
Wolf 294 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 19 | [x] |
Wolf 359 | Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 7 | [x] |
Wolf 424 | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Star in Cluster, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 14 | [x] |
Wolf 562 | Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 21 | [x] |
Wolf 630 | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Radio-source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 19 | [x] |
Wolf 718 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 25 | [x] |
WX Ursae Majoris | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 16 | [x] |
Yed Prior | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 171 | [x] |
YZ Canis Minoris | Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 19 | [x] |
YZ Ceti | Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, S Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 12 | [x] |
Zaurak | Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 203 | [x] |
12 Cephei | Estrella, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source | M | 458 | |
2e 604 | Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, X-ray source | M | 68 | |
2MASS J03285769+3119481 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar joven | M | 1364 | |
2MASS J03290015+3121092 | Estrella, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar joven | M | 1187 | |
2MASS J03290794+3122515 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar joven, Objeto estelar joven | M | 1322 | |
2MASS J03291018+3127159 | Estrella, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Enana marrón, Infra-Red source, Objeto estelar joven | M | 1253 | |
2MASS J03292204+3124153 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar joven | M | 1265 | |
2MASS J03293286+3127126 | Estrella, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar joven, Objeto estelar joven | M | 1285 | |
2MASS J04293913+3516197 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar joven | M | 2584 | |
2MASS J04294419+3512301 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar joven | M | 2572 | |
2MASS J04294641+3519546 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar joven | M | 2576 | |
2MASS J04294853+3512125 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar joven | M | 2593 | |
2MASS J04295586+3510161 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar joven | M | 2591 | |
2MASS J04295853+3516172 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar joven | M | 2609 | |
2MASS J04300412+3516272 | Estrella, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar joven | M | 2595 | |
2MASS J04300584+3517005 | Estrella, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar joven | M | 2597 | |
2MASS J04300744+3517541 | Estrella, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar joven | M | 2554 | |
2MASS J04300782+3514091 | Estrella, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar joven | M | 2596 |