M
Clasificación estelar

M
Temperatura efectiva
2,000–3,500 K
Radio solar
≤ 0.7 R
Masa solar
0.08–0.45 M

Una enana roja es una estrella pequeña y relativamente fría de la secuencia principal, ya sea de tipo espectral K tardío o M. Este tipo lo forman la mayor parte de las estrellas, siendo sus valores de masa y diámetro inferiores a la mitad de los del Sol (por debajo de 0,08 masas solares se denominan enanas marrones) y una temperatura superficial de menos de 4000 K. Las enanas rojas son, hasta la fecha, el tipo más común de estrellas de la Vía Láctea, por lo menos en la vecindad del Sol, pero debido a su baja luminosidad las enanas rojas individuales no pueden ser observadas fácilmente. Desde la Tierra, ninguna es visible a simple vista. Próxima Centauri, la estrella más cercana al Sol, es una enana roja (de Tipo M5 y magnitud aparente 11.05), al igual que las veinte de las próximas treinta estrellas más cercanas. De acuerdo con algunas estimaciones, las enanas rojas representan las tres cuartas partes de las estrellas en la Vía Láctea. Modelos estelares indican que las enanas rojas con menos de 0.35 M☉ son completamente convectivas. De ahí a que el helio producido por la fusión termonuclear se vuelva a mezclar constantemente a lo largo de la estrella, evitando una acumulación en el núcleo. Por lo tanto, las enanas rojas se desarrollan muy lentamente, albergando una luminosidad constante y tipo espectral para, en teoría, algunos miles de millones de años, agotar su combustible. Debido a la relativamente corta edad del universo, no existen enanas rojas con etapas evolutivas avanzadas.

Uses material from the Wikipedia article "Enana roja", which is released under the Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0.
Objeto astronómico DistanciaWiki
AD LeonisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Radio-source, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM16[x]
AnserEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM297[x]
AntaresEstrella, Double or multiple star, Star in Nebula, Región H II, Infra-Red source, Medio interestelar, Nebulosa de reflexión, UV-emission sourceM553[x]
AU MicroscopiiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM33[x]
Barnard's StarEstrella, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM6[x]
BD+21 652Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM37[x]
Beta GruisEstrella, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, UV-emission source, Variable StarM177[x]
BetelgeuseEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Supergigante roja, sub-millimetric source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarM498[x]
BR PisciumEstrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM19[x]
CD-37 15492Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM14[x]
CM DraconisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella binaria, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM48[x]
DT VirginisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM36[x]
EE LeonisEstrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM22[x]
EI CancriEstrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM17[x]
Epsilon MuscaeEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable StarM302[x]
EQ PegasiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM20[x]
Eta SagittariiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarM146[x]
EZ AquariiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM11[x]
G 139-21Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM42[x]
G 99-49Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, X-ray sourceM18[x]
GacruxEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM89[x]
Gamma HydriEstrella, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable StarM215[x]
Gamma PhoenicisEstrella, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, High proper-motion Star, Estrella binaria, Variable StarM233[x]
GL VirginisEstrella, Star in Cluster, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM21[x]
Gorgonea TertiaEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Semi-regular pulsating Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarM308[x]
Groombridge 34Estrella, Estrella binaria, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM12[x]
IL AquariiEstrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM15[x]
KY CygniEstrella, Estrella de carbono, Infra-Red source, Long-period variable star, Máser, Supergigante roja, Variable StarM5000[x]
Lacaille 8760Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM13[x]
Lacaille 9352Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, Variable StarM11[x]
Lalande 21185Estrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, X-ray sourceM9[x]
LFT 377Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM39[x]
LHS 2Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM15[x]
LHS 2037Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM38[x]
LHS 2335Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM58[x]
LHS 2459Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM17[x]
LHS 281Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM56[x]
LHS 292Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM15[x]
LHS 3003Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Radio-sourceM20[x]
LHS 397Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM20[x]
LHS 449Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM15[x]
Luyten's StarEstrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM12[x]
MirachEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable StarM197[x]
Mu AquilaeEstrella, Infra-Red source, Variable Star of Mira Cet type, Variable StarM107[x]
Nu HydraeEstrella, Infra-Red source, Long-period variable star, Variable StarM143[x]
PropusEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM120[x]
QY AurigaeEstrella, Star in Cluster, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable of RS CVn type, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM20[x]
R CentauriEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Variable Star of Mira Cet type, Variable StarM1255[x]
R DoradusEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable StarM203[x]
RasalgethiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, Semi-regular pulsating Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM360[x]
Ross 128Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM11[x]
Ross 154Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM9[x]
Ross 248Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM10[x]
Ross 33Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM30[x]
Ross 614Estrella, Double or multiple star, Emission-line Star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM13[x]
Ross 780Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM15[x]
Ross 905Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray sourceM33[x]
RS PerseiEstrella, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source, Supergigante roja, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable StarM7670[x]
S PerseiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Máser, Supergigante roja, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable StarM...[x]
TapiaVariable Star of Mira Cet typeM121[x]
Teegarden's StarEstrella, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM12[x]
TZ ArietisEstrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM15[x]
UCAC2 23395816Estrella, Infra-Red source, Pre-main sequence Star, X-ray sourceM473[x]
UV CetiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM8[x]
V1581 CygniEstrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM15[x]
VV CepheiEstrella, Double or multiple star, Eclipsing binary of Algol type (detached), Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Estrella binaria, Variable StarM2452[x]
VY Canis MajorisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Máser, Pulsating variable Star, Supergigante roja, sub-millimetric source, Variable Star, Star suspected of VariabilityM1833[x]
Wolf 1061Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM14[x]
Wolf 1329Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray sourceM29[x]
Wolf 1453Estrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM19[x]
Wolf 1481Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM20[x]
Wolf 294Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM19[x]
Wolf 359Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM7[x]
Wolf 424Estrella, Double or multiple star, Star in Cluster, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM14[x]
Wolf 562Estrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable StarM21[x]
Wolf 630Estrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Radio-source, Estrella binaria, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM19[x]
Wolf 718Estrella, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion StarM25[x]
WX Ursae MajorisEstrella, Double or multiple star, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM16[x]
Yed PriorEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable StarM171[x]
YZ Canis MinorisEstrella, Variable of BY Dra type, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM19[x]
YZ CetiEstrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, S Star, Variable Star, X-ray sourceM12[x]
ZaurakEstrella, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, UV-emission source, Variable StarM203[x]
12 CepheiEstrella, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red sourceM458
2e 604Estrella, Estrella fulgurante, Infra-Red source, X-ray sourceM68
2MASS J03285769+3119481Estrella, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar jovenM1364
2MASS J03290015+3121092Estrella, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar jovenM1187
2MASS J03290794+3122515Estrella, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar joven, Objeto estelar jovenM1322
2MASS J03291018+3127159Estrella, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Enana marrón, Infra-Red source, Objeto estelar jovenM1253
2MASS J03292204+3124153Estrella, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar jovenM1265
2MASS J03293286+3127126Estrella, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar joven, Objeto estelar jovenM1285
2MASS J04293913+3516197Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar jovenM2584
2MASS J04294419+3512301Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar jovenM2572
2MASS J04294641+3519546Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar jovenM2576
2MASS J04294853+3512125Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar jovenM2593
2MASS J04295586+3510161Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar jovenM2591
2MASS J04295853+3516172Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar jovenM2609
2MASS J04300412+3516272Estrella, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar jovenM2595
2MASS J04300584+3517005Estrella, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar jovenM2597
2MASS J04300744+3517541Estrella, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Objeto estelar jovenM2554
2MASS J04300782+3514091Estrella, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Objeto estelar jovenM2596