M
Type spectral
2,000–3,500 K
≤ 0.7 R☉
0.08–0.45 M☉
En astronomie, une étoile rouge de la séquence principale, appelée communément naine rouge, est une étoile de type spectral M V (lire « M cinq »), c'est-à-dire une étoile appartenant à la séquence principale (classe de luminosité V) de type spectral M (étoile rouge). Les étoiles K dites tardives (naines orange les plus froides) sont parfois incluses parmi les naines rouges. Ces étoiles sont peu massives et de température peu élevée. Ayant une masse comprise entre 0,075 et 0,4 masse solaire et une température inférieure à 4 000 K en surface, ce sont des étoiles peu lumineuses, les plus grosses d'entre elles émettant de l'ordre de 10 % de la luminosité solaire. En dessous de 0,08 M☉, on a affaire à un objet substellaire, à une naine brune ou à une planète géante gazeuse. La limite entre étoile naine rouge et naine brune de type spectral M est généralement au niveau du type M 6.5. Les naines rouges seraient de loin les étoiles les plus nombreuses de l'Univers. Les modèles stellaires actuels les décrivent comme entièrement convectives, c'est-à-dire que l'hydrogène est constamment brassé par convection dans l'ensemble de l'étoile de sorte que l'hélium issu de la réaction proton-proton au cœur de l'astre ne peut s'y accumuler. Les naines rouges pourraient ainsi briller de façon relativement constante pendant des centaines de milliards d'années, c'est-à-dire plusieurs dizaines de fois l'âge de l'Univers, ce qui signifie que toutes les naines rouges actuelles n'en seraient qu'au début de leur existence.
Uses material from the Wikipedia article "Naine rouge", which is released under the Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0.Objet céleste | Distance | Wiki | ||
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AD Leonis | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Radio-source, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 16 | [x] |
Anser | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 297 | [x] |
Antares | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Star in Nebula, Région HII, Infra-Red source, Milieu interstellaire, Nébuleuse par réflexion, UV-emission source | M | 553 | [x] |
Barnard's Star | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 6 | [x] |
BD+21 652 | Étoile, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 37 | [x] |
Beta Gruis | Étoile, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 177 | [x] |
Betelgeuse | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Supergéante rouge, sub-millimetric source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 498 | [x] |
CD-37 15492 | Étoile, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 14 | [x] |
Eta Sagittarii | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 146 | [x] |
EZ Aquarii | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Variable of BY Dra type, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 11 | [x] |
G 139-21 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 42 | [x] |
Gacrux | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 89 | [x] |
Gamma Hydri | Étoile, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 215 | [x] |
Gamma Phoenicis | Étoile, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, High proper-motion Star, Étoile binaire, Variable Star | M | 233 | [x] |
Gorgonea Tertia | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Semi-regular pulsating Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 308 | [x] |
Groombridge 34 | Étoile, Étoile binaire, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 12 | [x] |
IL Aquarii | Étoile, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 15 | [x] |
KY Cygni | Étoile, Étoile carbonée, Infra-Red source, Long-period variable star, Maser, Supergéante rouge, Variable Star | M | 5000 | [x] |
Lacaille 8760 | Étoile, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 13 | [x] |
Lacaille 9352 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, Variable Star | M | 11 | [x] |
Lalande 21185 | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Rotationally variable Star, X-ray source | M | 9 | [x] |
LFT 377 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 39 | [x] |
LHS 2 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 15 | [x] |
LHS 2037 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 38 | [x] |
LHS 2065 | Étoile, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Radio-source | M | 28 | [x] |
LHS 2335 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 58 | [x] |
LHS 2459 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 17 | [x] |
LHS 281 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 56 | [x] |
LHS 292 | Étoile, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 15 | [x] |
LHS 449 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Pre-main sequence Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 15 | [x] |
LP 944-020 | Étoile, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Quasar, Radio-source | M | 16 | [x] |
Luyten's Star | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 12 | [x] |
Mirach | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 197 | [x] |
Mu Aquilae | Étoile, Infra-Red source, Variable Star of Mira Cet type, Variable Star | M | 107 | [x] |
Nu Hydrae | Étoile, Infra-Red source, Long-period variable star, Variable Star | M | 143 | [x] |
Propus | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Étoile binaire, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 120 | [x] |
Proxima | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 132 | [x] |
R Doradus | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable Star | M | 203 | [x] |
Rasalgethi | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Étoile binaire, Semi-regular pulsating Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 360 | [x] |
Ross 128 | Étoile, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 11 | [x] |
Ross 154 | Étoile, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 9 | [x] |
Ross 248 | Étoile, Variable of BY Dra type, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 10 | [x] |
Ross 33 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 30 | [x] |
Ross 614 | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Emission-line Star, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 13 | [x] |
Ross 780 | Étoile, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 15 | [x] |
Ross 905 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray source | M | 33 | [x] |
S Persei | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Maser, Supergéante rouge, Semi-regular pulsating Star, Variable Star | M | ... | [x] |
Tapia | Variable Star of Mira Cet type | M | 121 | [x] |
Teegarden's Star | Étoile, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 12 | [x] |
TZ Arietis | Étoile, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 15 | [x] |
UCAC2 23395816 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, Pre-main sequence Star, X-ray source | M | 473 | [x] |
UV Ceti | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 8 | [x] |
V1581 Cygni | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 15 | [x] |
VV Cephei | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Eclipsing binary of Algol type (detached), Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Étoile binaire, Variable Star | M | 2452 | [x] |
VY Canis Majoris | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Maser, Pulsating variable Star, Supergéante rouge, sub-millimetric source, Variable Star, Star suspected of Variability | M | 1833 | [x] |
Wolf 1061 | Étoile, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 14 | [x] |
Wolf 1329 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, X-ray source | M | 29 | [x] |
Wolf 359 | Étoile, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, UV-emission source, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 7 | [x] |
Wolf 424 | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Star in Cluster, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 14 | [x] |
Wolf 562 | Étoile, Variable of BY Dra type, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star | M | 21 | [x] |
Wolf 718 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star | M | 25 | [x] |
WX Ursae Majoris | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 16 | [x] |
Yed Prior | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 171 | [x] |
YZ Ceti | Étoile, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, High proper-motion Star, S Star, Variable Star, X-ray source | M | 12 | [x] |
Zaurak | Étoile, Double or multiple star, Infra-Red source, Long Period Variable, UV-emission source, Variable Star | M | 203 | [x] |
12 Cephei | Étoile, Star in Cluster, Infra-Red source | M | 458 | |
2e 604 | Étoile, Étoile éruptive, Infra-Red source, X-ray source | M | 68 | |
2MASS J03285769+3119481 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object | M | 1364 | |
2MASS J03290015+3121092 | Étoile, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object | M | 1187 | |
2MASS J03290794+3122515 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object, Young Stellar Object | M | 1322 | |
2MASS J03291018+3127159 | Étoile, Brown Dwarf (M<0.08solMass), Naine brune, Infra-Red source, Young Stellar Object | M | 1253 | |
2MASS J03292204+3124153 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object | M | 1265 | |
2MASS J03293286+3127126 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object, Young Stellar Object | M | 1285 | |
2MASS J04293913+3516197 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2584 | |
2MASS J04294419+3512301 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2572 | |
2MASS J04294641+3519546 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2576 | |
2MASS J04294853+3512125 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2593 | |
2MASS J04295586+3510161 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2591 | |
2MASS J04295853+3516172 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2609 | |
2MASS J04300412+3516272 | Étoile, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object | M | 2595 | |
2MASS J04300584+3517005 | Étoile, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object | M | 2597 | |
2MASS J04300744+3517541 | Étoile, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2554 | |
2MASS J04300782+3514091 | Étoile, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object | M | 2596 | |
2MASS J04300819+3517234 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2553 | |
2MASS J04300897+3514325 | Étoile, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object | M | 2575 | |
2MASS J04300995+3515377 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2573 | |
2MASS J04301274+3517210 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2577 | |
2MASS J04301307+3521397 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2566 | |
2MASS J04301631+3515238 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2551 | |
2MASS J04301658+3515419 | Étoile, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2569 | |
2MASS J04301948+3517238 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object | M | 2604 | |
2MASS J04301984+3514208 | Étoile, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2598 | |
2MASS J04301989+3514379 | Étoile, Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2611 | |
2MASS J04302267+3519081 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2612 | |
2MASS J04303043+3518338 | Étoile, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, X-ray source, Young Stellar Object | M | 2607 | |
2MASS J04303179+3511043 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2557 | |
2MASS J04303668+3517173 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2613 | |
2MASS J04303958+3511128 | Infra-Red source, Near-IR source (? < 10 ?m), Young Stellar Object | M | 2608 | |
2MASS J05334918-0523023 | Star in Cluster, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Étoile variable de type T Tauri | M | 1251 | |
2MASS J05341387-0536353 | Étoile, Star in Cluster, Emission-line Star, Infra-Red source, Variable Star of irregular type, Étoile variable de type T Tauri | M | 1287 |